Civil Society Organisations are a key stakeholder in national and international climate processes. They play a crucial role in contributing to bringing ground-level vulnerabilities into decision-making processes, providing technical support and research, advocating for ambitious action, creating awareness, building capacities, and enhancing resilience of the most vulnerable populations. To ensure that CSOs engage in a consistent and regular manner and enable them to contribute constructively to the NDC review and other climate-related processes, this policy brief identifies a number of key gaps, needs, challenges, and recommendations.